Objective notion definition5/27/2023 ![]() ![]() It then reflects that the people are capable of doing or being. The capability of a person reflects the various combinations of ‘doings and beings’ that one can achieve. According to Amartya Sen, the basic objective of development is ‘the expansion of human capabilities’. This index brought in revolutionary changes not only in development, but also in the policy environment in which the government was assigned a major role instead of market forces.Įconomic development now refers to expanding capabilities. To overcome this problem and to understand the dynamics of development, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) developed the concept of Human Development Index (HDI) in the 1990s. It is thus clear that per capita income does not stand as a true index of development of any country. This ‘people-oriented’ view of development is to be called human development. When development is defined in terms of human welfare it means that people are put first. True development has to be ‘people- centred’. These are, after all, ‘a goods-oriented’ view of development. Economic development, in other words, came to be redefined in terms of reduction or elimination of poverty and inequality. Later on, a wider definition of development came to be assigned that focused on distributional objectives. In the traditional development economics, development meant growth of per capita real income. “Economic growth, as such becomes only a subset of human development paradigm.” Objectives of Human Development: Thus, human development covers all aspects of development. ![]() There are so many choices that are not dependent on income. Most importantly, human choices go far beyond income expansion. One may, however, contest GDP/GNP as a useful measure of development since income growth enables persons in expanding their range of choices. On the other hand, the notion of human development embraces the widening of all human choices-whether economic, social, cultural or political. What emerges from- the above discussion is that economic growth measured in terms of per capita GNP focuses only on one choice that is income. Human development is thus a process of widening people’s choices as well as raising the level of well-being achieved. One may conclude unhesistantly that the absence of these essential choices debars or blocks many other opportunities that people should have in widening their choices. ![]() Barring these three crucial parameters of human development as a process enlarging people’s choices, there are additional choices that include political freedoms, other guaranteed human rights, and various ingredients of self-respect. These are: to lead a long and healthy life, to be educated, and to enjoy a decent standard of living. The first UNDP Human Development Report published in 1990 stated that: “The basic objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.” It also defined human development as “a process of enlarging people’s choices”, “and strengthen human capabilities” in a way which enables them to lead longer, healthier and fuller lives.įrom this broad definition of human development, one gets an idea of three critical issues involved in human development interpretation.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |